(i) systems available before December 1999; (ii) publications prior to December 1999; or (iii) U.S. Patents filed before December 1999, that disclose:

• Early VoIP, IM or other IP-based communication systems, particularly those using SIP and/or H.323.
• a system which establishes an encrypted communication channel (not necessarily limited to a VPN) in response to a request for a network address (not necessarily limited to a DNS request for a secure website).
• a system for storing domain names and associated network addresses (not necessarily limited to a DNS) that also supports receiving queries for network addresses and supports key-based encryption.
• a DNS system that supports providing a visible indication to a user that it is possible to initiate a secure connection (e.g., a “go secure” button or hyperlink).
• Descriptions, papers, presentations and implementations of SIP (RFC 2543, RFC 3261, RFC 3263) and/or H.323. RFC 2534 issued in March, 1999.
• Systems similar to “Aventail Connect.”